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2. Previous Human CoV EpidemicsUsually, infections caused by theBetacoronavirusesare mild to asymptomatic [19,20]. Since thefirst report of CoV in the 1960s, humans have been affected by CoV infection. To date, six strains ofCoVs, causing mild to severe respiratory illnesses in humans, have been identified [21]. Of these, fourCoVs (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1) cause mild symptoms in humans.Contrarily, two highly pathogenic CoVs caused outbreaks of severe respiratory illness due to zoonotictransmission in humans, namely the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and MERS.2.1. SARS-CoVThe first incidence of SARS-CoV infection was reported on 16 November 2002, in the coastalGuangdong province of southeast China bordering Hong Kong and Macau. This infection spreadacross 31 countries at a moderate speed. The virus was predicted to originate from bats and civet catswith animal-to-human (zoonotic) and human-to-human modes of transmission, as shown in Table 1.A winter season predilection was also noted in the pattern of this epidemic. After adopting strictpublic health measures, consisting of quarantine and the lockdown of air traffic, the disease was finallycontained by 5 July 2003 [22]. During this period, SARS-CoV infected 8422 humans and caused 916deaths at a CFR of 10.87%. Since then, SARS has phased out, and the outbreak was managed.2.2. MERS-CoVSince the first occurrence of MERS in Saudi Arabia in June 2012, sporadic cases are still reported,primarily in the Arabian Peninsular region, and MERS has spread to more than 27 countries worldwide.Notably, the CFR in MERS is the highest (34.77%) among all CoVs. To date, it has infected 2496 humanswith the deaths of 868 patients. The disease was reported in Saudi Arabia, the UAE and the Republicof Korea, as shown in Table 1. A few travel-related cases have been reported in Europe in individualswith a travel history to the Arabian Peninsular countries. The source of viral origin was traced tobats, and camels were the intermediate hosts for the virus, which followed animal-to-human (zoonoticdisease) and human-to-human modes of virus transmission [19,23].2.3. SARS-CoV-2The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in the first week of December 2019 in WuhanCity, Hubei Province, China. Using deep sequencing methods, the causative agent for this deadlypandemic was identified as a new member of theBetacoronavirusgenus [24,25]. The newly identifiedCoV had an 82% sequence identity with the human SARS-CoV [26]. It was initially designated as2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Later, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Virusesofficially named it as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to itssignificant genetic relatedness to SARS-CoV. Subsequently, the WHO named the disease caused bySARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on 11 February 2020, as shown in Figure 1